Employer Safety Incentive and Disincentive Policies and Practices Memorandum. Section 1. 1(c) of the OSH Act prohibits an employer from discriminating against an employee because the employee reports an injury or illness. This memorandum is intended to provide guidance to both field compliance officers and whistleblower investigative staff on several employer practices that can discourage employee reports of injuries and violate section 1. Reporting a work- related injury or illness is a core employee right, and retaliating against a worker for reporting an injury or illness is illegal discrimination under section 1. Other whistleblower statutes enforced by OSHA also may protect employees who report workplace injuries. In particular, the Federal Railroad Safety Act (FRSA) prohibits railroad carriers, their contractors and subcontractors from discriminating against employees for reporting injuries. If employees do not feel free to report injuries or illnesses, the employer's entire workforce is put at risk. Workplace Safety & Loss Prevention Incentive Program Application for Approval NYS employers may apply for a discount in their workers’ compensation costs if they. Safety Incentive Programs: A Critical Assessment. Workers must believe the program is fair. Structure the incentive program. 8 Tips for Banks & Credit Unions Building Employee Incentive Programs. Tell them they will be helping design the incentive program. Starting A Warehouse Incentive Program. This helps workers buy into the program; they will know that rewards are not based on favoritism. Compare the best employee incentive programs using expert ratings and consumer reviews in the official ConsumerAffairs buyers guide. Employers do not learn of and correct dangerous conditions that have resulted in injuries, and injured employees may not receive the proper medical attention, or the workers' compensation benefits to which they are entitled. Ensuring that employees can report injuries or illnesses without fear of retaliation is therefore crucial to protecting worker safety and health. There are several types of workplace policies and practices that could discourage reporting and could constitute unlawful discrimination and a violation of section 1. Some of these policies and practices may also violate OSHA's recordkeeping regulations, particularly the requirement to ensure that employees have a way to report work- related injuries and illnesses. I list the most common potentially discriminatory policies below. Employee Incentive Programs That Don't Cost Much But. Acknowledging them in front of their co-workers. Employers are increasingly trying to lower health care costs by using incentives to persuade workers to make better lifestyle choices, a new survey shows. OSHA has also observed that the potential for unlawful discrimination under all of these policies may increase when management or supervisory bonuses are linked to lower reported injury rates. While OSHA appreciates employers using safety as a key management metric, we cannot condone a program that encourages discrimination against workers who report injuries. OSHA has received reports of employers who have a policy of taking disciplinary action against employees who are injured on the job, regardless of the circumstances surrounding the injury. Reporting an injury is always a protected activity. OSHA views discipline imposed under such a policy against an employee who reports an injury as a direct violation of section 1. FRSA. In other words, an employer's policy to discipline all employees who are injured, regardless of fault, is not a legitimate nondiscriminatory reason that an employer may advance to justify adverse action against an employee who reports an injury. In addition, such a policy is inconsistent with the employer's obligation to establish a way for employees to report injuries under 2. CFR 1. 90. 4. 3. 5(b), and where it is encountered, a referral for a recordkeeping investigation should be made. Where OSHA encounters such conduct by a railroad carrier, or a contractor or subcontractor of a railroad carrier, a referral to the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), which may conduct a recordkeeping investigation, may also be appropriate. In another situation, an employee who reports an injury or illness is disciplined, and the stated reason is that the employee has violated an employer rule about the time or manner for reporting injuries and illnesses. Such cases deserve careful scrutiny. Because the act of reporting the injury directly results in discipline, there is a clear potential for violating section 1. FRSA. OSHA recognizes that employers have a legitimate interest in establishing procedures for receiving and responding to reports of injuries. To be consistent with the statute, however, such procedures must be reasonable and may not unduly burden the employee's right and ability to report. For example, the rules cannot penalize workers who do not realize immediately that their injuries are serious enough to report, or even that they are injured at all. Nor may enforcement of such rules be used as a pretext for discrimination. In investigating such cases, factors such as the following may be considered: whether the employee's deviation from the procedure was minor or extensive, inadvertent or deliberate, whether the employee had a reasonable basis for acting as he or she did, whether the employer can show a substantial interest in the rule and its enforcement, and whether the discipline imposed appears disproportionate to the asserted interest. Again, where the employer's reporting requirements are unreasonable, unduly burdensome, or enforced with unjustifiably harsh sanctions, they may result in inaccurate injury records, and a referral for a recordkeeping investigation should be made. In a third situation, an employee reports an injury, and the employer imposes discipline on the ground that the injury resulted from the violation of a safety rule by the employee. OSHA encourages employers to maintain and enforce legitimate workplace safety rules in order to eliminate or reduce workplace hazards and prevent injuries from occurring in the first place. In some cases, however, an employer may attempt to use a work rule as a pretext for discrimination against a worker who reports an injury. A careful investigation is needed. Several circumstances are relevant. Does the employer monitor for compliance with the work rule in the absence of an injury? Does the employer consistently impose equivalent discipline against employees who violate the work rule in the absence of an injury? The nature of the rule cited by the employer should also be considered. Vague rules, such as a requirement that employees . Therefore, where such general rules are involved, the investigation must include an especially careful examination of whether and how the employer applies the rule in situations that do not involve an employee injury. Enforcing a rule more stringently against injured employees than noninjured employees may suggest that the rule is a pretext for discrimination against an injured employee in violation of section 1. FRSA. Finally, some employers establish programs that unintentionally or intentionally provide employees an incentive to not report injuries. For example, an employer might enter all employees who have not been injured in the previous year in a drawing to win a prize, or a team of employees might be awarded a bonus if no one from the team is injured over some period of time. Such programs might be well- intentioned efforts by employers to encourage their workers to use safe practices. However, there are better ways to encourage safe work practices, such as incentives that promote worker participation in safety- related activities, such as identifying hazards or participating in investigations of injuries, incidents or . OSHA's VPP Guidance materials refer to a number of positive incentives, including providing tee shirts to workers serving on safety and health committees; offering modest rewards for suggesting ways to strengthen safety and health; or throwing a recognition party at the successful completion of company- wide safety and health training. See Revised Policy Memo #5 - Further Improvements to VPP (June 2. Incentive programs that discourage employees from reporting their injuries are problematic because, under section 1. FRSA similarly prohibits a railroad carrier, contractor or subcontractor from discriminating against an employee who notifies, or attempts to notify, the railroad carrier or the Secretary of Transportation of a work- related personal injury. If an employee of a firm with a safety incentive program reports an injury, the employee, or the employee's entire work group, will be disqualified from receiving the incentive, which could be considered unlawful discrimination. One important factor to consider is whether the incentive involved is of sufficient magnitude that failure to receive it . Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. In addition, if the incentive is great enough that its loss dissuades reasonable workers from reporting injuries, the program would result in the employer's failure to record injuries that it is required to record under Part 1. In this case, the employer is violating that rule, and a referral for a recordkeeping investigation should be made. If the employer is a railroad carrier, contractor or subcontractor, a violation of FRA injury- reporting regulations may have occurred and a referral to the FRA may be appropriate. This may be more likely in cases where an entire workgroup is disqualified because of a reported injury to one member, because the injured worker in such a case may feel reluctant to disadvantage the other workgroup members. Please contact the Office of Whistleblower Protection Programs at (2. Starting A Warehouse Incentive Program. By offering incentives to warehouse staff, distributors can create warehouses that operate more productively, efficiently and accurately. With labor management system as a part of the overall warehouse management system, distributors determine an average number of jobs to be performed each day and reward workers for going above and beyond the average expectations. But if they produce a certain percent more, they will get a significant bonus,” says Jon Schreibfeder, president, Effective Inventory Management Inc., Coppell, Texas. Traditionally, warehouse incentive programs are geared towards individual rewards, but this model only fits large distribution centers where one employee performs the same task for an entire shift. For smaller operations — the majority of the jan/san distribution industry — this model needs adjusting. During any given shift, a worker may go from filling orders to restocking bins and back again to filling. For these scenarios, incentive programs can be set up on a departmental, or group, basis. Distributors can divide tasks into two specific departments — incoming and outgoing — and require at least one worker stay in that department for the entire shift, says Schreibfeder. Incoming tasks include receiving, stocking and replenishing bins from bulk storage. Outgoing jobs include filling and shipping orders. Tracking tasks is easier if the warehouse is set up for barcode- or voice- based picking. Workers are rewarded for exceeding their normal daily job expectations. As incentive, distributors can offer gift cards, vacation days or other prizes, but money works the best. Louis- based Brown Smith Wallace Consulting Group and professor at St. To know what is considered exceptional performance, distributors must determine their baseline, i. Some labor management software programs come with built- in averages, but since no two warehouse operations are alike, it’s worth the time to calculate custom figures with the software. Use numbers from a three- month period for accuracy since different days will be busier than others and shifts may be under- or overstaffed, says Schreibfeder. In addition, some tasks may be more difficult to perform and deserve more credit. For example, picking a 5. Schreibfeder. After setting the baseline, distributors can then figure out the incentive structure. Schreibfeder recommends awarding bonuses if departments complete tasks exceeding 2. Another bonus is awarded at 3. While it sounds like workers will get rewarded if they work faster, that is not entirely true. Tasks must be completed correctly in order to receive a bonus.“The whole incentive program is driven by a higher quality customer experience,” says Tom Schmid, vice president of operations for HP Products, Indianapolis. Everything is pivotal around that.” Since accuracy is so important, mistakes should hurt the worker’s bonus twice as much as doing the job right. For example, whichever shift picks the most accurate orders will receive a bonus. This structure, too, works for even the smallest of companies. All that is needed is one distribution center and two shifts to set up a competition, says Epner.“People love competition — as long as it is fair, it can get very motivating,” he adds. HP Products uses a mix of group and individual incentives. In order to be eligible for the incentives, the entire shift must first meet an accuracy goal. If inventory is not accurate, no one shares in the bonus. After this hurdle, individual positions have their own criteria to meet in order to be rewarded. Share Results Of The Warehouse Incentive Program. Regardless of how distributors award incentives, workers need to understand what they are being rewarded for. Goals should be clear, realistic and prominently displayed. It’s also recommended to publish the results each week. This helps workers buy into the program; they will know that rewards are not based on favoritism. At HP Products, when results are posted on the bulletin board, there will be a cluster of workers crowding around looking to see who outperformed whom. Sometimes I think that’s more important than having a few extra bucks.”POSTED ON: 7/1.
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Konfusianisme - EAST ASIAN SOCIETIESPENGENALAN MENGENAI PENGASAS KONFUSIANISME. Confucius. Ajaran Konfusianisme ini telah di bawa oleh Confucius. Nama sebenar beliau ialah Kung Chui iaitu Kung merupakan nama keluarga beliau dan Chui merupakan nama sebenar beliau. Selain nama tersebut, beliau juga mempunyai banyak gelaran lain antaranya Tuan Kung. Beliau lebih terkenal dengan gelaran Tuan Kung ini. Beliau telah dilahirkan pada sekitar tahun 5. S. M. Pada hari ini negeri Lu terletak di wilayah Shantung. Ajaran Taoisme dikatakan muncul sekitar abad ke-6 SM iaitu seiring dengan kemunculan ajaran Konfusianisme malah ada yang mendakwa ia muncul. Ajaran Konfusianisme atau Kong Hu Cu (juga: Kong Fu Tze atau Konfusius) dalam bahasa Tionghoa, istilah aslinya adalah Rujiao ( Confucius meninggal dunia pada tahun 4. S. M. Beliau berasal daripada keluarga bangsawa di negeri Sung. Namun demikian, keadaan huru- hara dan peperangan semasa akhir zaman dinasti Chou Barat telah menyebabkan keluarga beliau menjadi miskin. Nasib Confucius bertambah malang apabila ayahnya meninggal dunia ketika beliau berusia tiga tahun. Dengan itu, ibu beliau menjadi orang yang penting dalam membesarkannya. Ketika itu, beliau terpaksa berhadapan dengan kehidupan yang sangat susah. Beliau berkahwin ketika beliau berusia 1. Hasil daripada perkahwinan beliau, beliau telah dikurniakan seorang anak lelaki yang diberi nama Li dan dua orang anak perempuan. PERJALANAN HIDUP CONFUCIUS. Namun pada masa itu peluang untuk orang biasa bagi mendapatkan pendidikan amat sukar kerana pendidikan menjadi hak golongan bangsawan dan keluarga diraja. Ajaran Filsafat Konfusianisme downloads at Ebookinga.com - Download free pdf files,ebooks and documents - FILSAFAT KONFUSIANISME - gentanusantara.com. Pengenalan diri dalam ajaran Konfusianisme. 2.5 Teori Bushido Menurut Kumazawa Banzan Kumazawa Banzan adalah seorang ahli Konfusius dari aliran Yomeigaku. Lambang yang sering dikaitkan dengan ajaran Laozi ialah lambang 'ying-yang' ('ying' bermaksud 'feminin', dan 'yang' bermaksud 'maskulin'). Ia membayangkan kebenaran. Walau bagaimanapun, Confucius merupakan seorang yang rajin dan tidak kenal erti putus asa lalu beliau telah mencari jalan dan berusaha untuk mendapatkan pendidikan. Peluang beliau nampaknya cerah apabila beliau telah diterima bekerja dengan golongan bangsawaan . Dari situ, beliau telah dapat mengenal sistem kerajaan China kuno serta dapat memasuki istana raja dan dari situ juga bermulalah perjalanan hidup beliau untuk belajar mengenai perihal kehidupan yang sebenar. Semasa bekerja dengan golongan bangsawan tersebut, beliau telah diberikan jawatan penjaga gudang yang juga merupakan jawatan pertama beliau. Dengan usaha keras beliau serta kerajinan yang ditunjukkan dalam pekerjaan beliau, beliau telah dinaikkan pangkat menjadi Pesuruhjaya Taman dan Herba. Kebolehan beliau menjadi pengajar telah terbukti dengan bakat yang ada dalam bidang kesenian. Beliau dianggap sebagai seorang yang mempunyai bakat yang pelbagai dalam bidang tersebut. Ramai keluarga bangsawan telah tertarik dengan idea- idea yang dikemukakan oleh beliau lalu menghantar anak- anak mereka untuk berguru dengan Conficius. Beliau telah dikenali sebagai guru persendirian yang pertama yang dapat menarik ramai orang untuk berguru dengannya. Seramai kira- kira 3. Beliau juga telah berusaha untuk mengembangkan lagi idea- idea beliau dengan merantau ke seluruh pelosok China. Selama 1. 3 tahun beliau telah mengembara ke seluruh pelosok China untuk mencari pemimpin yang ingin mengikut nasihat dan idea- ideanya namun usaha yang di lakukan sering menemui kegagalan. Walau bagaimanapun, kegagalan tersebut tidak mematahkan semangat beliau untuk meneruskan lagi usaha beliau itu. Dengan usaha yang gigih, beliau telah diterima oleh pemerintah di negeri Ch’i. Setelah beliau meninggal dunia, ajaran beliau mulai mendapat tempat di kalangan penduduk China danjuga pemerintah China sehingga kini. KONSEP DAN AJARAN UTAMA YANG DISEBARKAN OLEH CONFUCIUS. Chun Tze merupakan matlamat utama dalam ideologi kemanusiaan Konfusianisme. Semua manusia berpotensi untuk menjadi Chun Tze iaitu orang yang berpendidikan tinggi. Dalam karya Lun Yu(Analects) turut menjelaskan bahawa kelas Chun Tze tidak dianggap sebagai satu kelas yang boleh diwarisi. Akan tetapi,seseorang itu herus berusaha untuk mencapai kelas Chun Tze. Maka seriap orang perlu dan harus mencuba untuk mendapatkan kelas Chun Tze.“Jalan orang budiman ada tiga aspek dan aku tidak berupaya melakukannya. Dengan kemudahan tiada kebimbangan,dengan kebijaksanaan tiada penipuan diri sendiri,dengan keberanian tiada ketakutan”. Tsu Kung berkata; “tuan guru berkata tentang dirinya sendiri”. Dia tidak mempersoalkan “Apa yang akan aku dapat daripada mereka” tetapi apa yang ditekankan adalah “Apa yang aku dapat buat untuk menampung atau membantu mereka?”. Dia tidak menunjukkan atau mengangkat muka apabila memperoleh kejayaan dan tidak juga menundukkan kepala apabila kecewa”. Matlamat yang seterusnya ialah ketaatan. Kepatuhan dan ketaatan kepada nenek moyang ini menjadi asas kepada sifat dan peraturan untuk berakhlak baik (Wu Chang) yang menjadi ajaran Kung. Dalam hal ini, persoalan kepercayaan kepada benda ghaib atau roh- roh itu bukan menjadi tumpuan utama, sebaliknya penghormatan dan ketaatan kepada adat- adat, upacara, peraturan dan nasihat yang telah ditinggalkan oleh orang- orang bijaksana (nenek moyang) terdahulu. Selain itu, ketaatan kepada ibu bapa sangat berkait rapat dengan ketaatan kepada nenek moyang. Ini kerana, ketaatan anak kepada ibu bapa itu berlaku secara berterusan sama ada ketika ibu bapa itu hidup sehingga mereka mati. Ketaatan yang dimaksudkan oleh Kung bukan sahaja takut semata- mata kepada ibu bapa, tetapi hormat dan membahagiakan ibu bapa itu adalah ketaatan yang sempurna. Antaranya beliau berkata bahawa “Kewajipan dan ketaatan anak- anak kepada orang tua merupakan sumber seluruh kebajikan”. Oleh itu, tumpuan ajarannya adalah tentang soal moral. Pada suatu ketika, beliau pernah menyatakan bahawa perlantikan pegawai kerajaan haruslah berdasarkan kebolehan dan sifat moral yang dimiliki oleh seseorang dan bukannya berdasarkan sistem warisan seperti keluarga bangsawan. Perkara inilah yang telah beliau ajarkan kepada pengikut- pengikutnya. Sebagai guru, beliau juga berpendapat bahawa menjadi tanggungjawab beliau untuk menjelaskan kepada pengikutnya tentang warisan budaya kuno yang diamalkan oleh pembesar- pembesar. Oleh sebab itu, Confucius cuba mendekati pengikutnya berhubung dengan adat dan istiadat serta norma lama untuk dihayati dan diteruskan oleh pengikutnya. Beliau berpendapat bahawa mesyarakat Cina harus mengamalkan ajaran lama yang telah diturunkan dari Zaman Keemasan China. Pada pendapat beliau, dengan mengamalkan semua amalan lama maka sifat manusia akan dapat ditamadunkan dan memberi suatu tatacara dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Berkenaan dengan perkara itu, Confucius dengan rendah hati menyatakan bahawa beliau bukannya pencipta dan beliau sendiri banyak kekurangan. Oleh itu,sebagai seorang yang mempunyai idea yang bagus maka beliau adalah seorang guru. Ren telah menjadi asas kepada ajaran Konfusianisme dan telah ditulis dan disebut sebanyak 1. Analects. Konsep ini amat penting dan telah diterapkan dalam hubungan kemasyarakatan di China bagi mencapai keharmonian dan kelancaran pentadbiran kerajaan. Konsep ini boleh diserap kepada sesbuah masyarakat seperti xiao yang menanamkan perasaan kasih sayang kepada ibu bapa. Bagi mempraktikkan konsep ren, pengikut Confucius juga disarankan supaya mengamalkan konsep Chung dan Shu. Konsep ini melengkapi antara satu sama lain. Chung bermaksud membuat sesuatu kepada orang lain yang kamu suka untuk kamu sendiri. Manakala Shu pula bermaksud jangan berbuat sesuatu kepada orang lain yang kamu tidak sukabuat untuk diri kamu sendiri. Sesuatu nama tersebut akan memberi kesan dan pengaruh yang tersendiri dalam masyarakat dan negara. Dalam hubungan masyarakat, sesuatu nama tersebut mempunyai tanggungjawab dan tugasnya yang tersendiri. Sesebuah negara pula disarankan agar ditadbir secara bermoral dan bukannya menggunakan undang- undang ataupun kekuasaan. Oleh itu, para pemerintah hendaklah mempunyai nilai moral yang tinggi untuk memerintah sesebuah negara dan boleh dijadikan sebagai contoh oleh rakyat. Konsep ren sangat penting bagi menjalankan pemerintahan tanpa kekerasan. Hal ini sangat di beri penekanan oleh Confucius dalam ajarannya. Confucius berpendapat bahawa jika seseorang pemerintah meletakkan nilai moral sebagai sesuatu pegangan yang paling penting, maka rakyat akan mengikut jejaknya dan secara tidak langsung undang- undang yang bercorakkan kekerasan tidak lagi diperlukan. Confucius menyatakan bahawa pemerintah umpama angin yang bertiup dan rakyat umpama rumput. Jika angin itu bertiup maka rumput sudah pastinya akan tunduk. Hal ini dapat dikaitkan dengan situasi pemerintahan di sesebuah negara yang dikendalikan oleh para pemerintah kepada rakyatnya. Dengan itu, beliau menjelaskan kaedah terbaik untuk memerintah bukannya menerusi penguatkuasaan undang- undang tetapi melalui penerapan nilai- nilai moral menerusi pendidikan kepada rakyat. Hubungan seperti ini dapat membantu mengawal hubungan manusia di semua peringkat dan strata . Dengan wujudnya jalinan hubungan yang erat ianya umpama ikatan sesebuah kekeluargaan yang sukar diceraikan. Dalam sesebuah keluarga contohnya, ketaatan anak kepada orang lebih tua atau ibu bapa amat penting. Dengan itu wujud tiga hubungan yang penting dalam sesebuah keluarga seperti anak kepada bapa, adik kepada abang dan isteri kepada suami. Walau bagaimanapun, hubungan yang ditunjukkan ini bukanlah hubungan sehala akan tetapi lebih merupakan hubungan dua hala antara kedua- dua pihak. Golongan bawah pula harus mentaati dan menurut perintah orang yang lebih tua. Dalam konteks hubungan antara anak dengan bapa, Confucius menyatakan bahawa perkara ini harus dijaga dan dipelihara oleh anak- anak. Melalui ajaran yang di bawa oleh Confucius ini, ianya dapat membantu mengeratkan hubungan sesama manusia dalam sesebuah negara untuk tujuan memudahkan lagi urusan pemerintahan dan pemerintah dapat menjalankan urusan pentadbiran dengan baik. Oleh itu, Confucius telah menambah dua lagi hubungan penting dalam susunan masyarakat iaitu hubungan rakyat dengan pemerintah dan hubungan sesama kawan yang diibaratkan sebagai hubungan adik- beradik. Hubungan sesama kawan biasanya lebih merujuk kepada hubungan sama taraf kecuali dapat dibezakan melalui umur seseorang tersebut. LIMA SIFAT KEBAIKAN YANG DITERAPKAN DALAM AJARAN KONFUSIANISME. Ren/Jen (Peri kemanusiaan) Ren/jen timbul dalam hubungan manusia dengan manusia. Ya puedes descargar programas gratis para ver y descargar.Descargar Programas PDF Gratis. Existen aplicaciones en el mercado que convierten PDF a formato Excel, entre ellos est. Estas herramientas son f.
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